xAI Colossus 1 and 2 in Memphis: size, status and who uses them
There are 2 Colossus campuses in Shelby County, Tennessee, both operating: Colossus 2 in Memphis and Colossus 1 at a Memphis address. They have 1,286 MW for their computers and 1,701 MW for the whole site. Colossus 2 should reach 1,531 MW at full size, by Feb 2027. SpaceXAI owns both and Anthropic uses both.
What does a megawatt mean?
1,286 MW is about the average use of 1.1 million homes.
1,531 MW is about the average use of 1.3 million homes.
A megawatt (MW) measures how much power a site is built to handle at one time. Think of the size of a pipe, not the water that flows through it over a year.
1,000 MW is one gigawatt (GW).
The homes number is a site running at full power all year, beside what an average US home uses in a year.
An average US home used 10,491 kWh in 2025 (EIA).
Where are Colossus 1 and 2?
Both are in Shelby County, Tennessee.
- Colossus 2Memphis, Tennessee · Listed address: 5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109
- Colossus 1Shelby County, Tennessee · Listed address: 3231 Riverport Rd, Memphis, TN 38109
How big is Colossus, and how big will it get?
How to read this chart
Each bar is the power the computers are built for at the end of that year. Years after 2026 are Epoch AI's forecast.
Epoch AI, a research group, makes these estimates from satellite photos, permits and company news. They can be off by a fair amount.
Colossus 2 is the bigger one, with 946 MW for its computers now.
Colossus 2
OperatingFor the computers now: 946 MW, whole site 1,276 MWWhen finished: 1,531 MW for the computers, 2,065 MW for the whole site, by Feb 2027First online: Oct 2025Chips: B200 and B300About 1,111,673 H100 equivalentsBuilding cost so far: about $35.8 billion
H100 equivalents
An H100 equivalent counts AI chips as if each one were an Nvidia H100, a common AI chip. It lets you compare sites that use different chips.
Colossus 1
OperatingFor the computers now: 340 MW, whole site 425 MWFirst online: Aug 2024Chips: B200, H100 and H200About 275,796 H100 equivalentsBuilding cost so far: about $12.9 billion
By the end of 2027, about 1,871 MW for the computers is expected, up from 579 MW at the end of 2025.
Colossus 1Colossus 2
Megawatts (MW) for the computers at the end of each year.
Table
| Site | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colossus 1 | 340 | 340 | 340 |
| Colossus 2 | 239 | 946 | 1,531 |
| In all | 579 | 1,286 | 1,871 |
Who owns and uses Colossus?
Owners and users
An owner builds or holds a campus. A user runs its AI work there.
Users show at Epoch AI's "confident" or "likely" tag; a "speculative" one shows only as a possible user.
SpaceXAI owns both.
Colossus 2
Used by Anthropic Cursor SpaceXAI
Owner: SpaceXAI
Colossus 1
Used by Anthropic
Owner: SpaceXAI
SpaceXAI also owns xAI QTS Atlanta, in Atlanta, Georgia, with 17 MW for its computers.
Is Colossus 2 up and running?
Yes. Colossus 2 is operating. Its first computers came online in Oct 2025.
Colossus 2
OperatingEpoch AI's note, Jun 2026:
The site is estimated to have at least ~830 MW of GPU server power, with at least "at least 220,000 additional GB300 processors and over 400 additional megawatts of compute power", corresponding to the "next phase of expansion" found in the following company S-1 filing, page 76. This estimate is backed up by our cooling and turbine based power production calculations. The cooling calculations suggest there is enough infrastructure to support ~850MW of IT Power. Similarly the energy production calculations support ~900MW of available IT Power. This gives us confidence that the proposed expansion was achieved in time. The roof for building 3 is halfway complete.
Colossus 1
OperatingEpoch AI's note, Jun 2026:
No major changes to the data center since February. Solar panels have been placed next to the facility.
Questions about xAI Colossus
Where is Colossus 2?
Colossus 2 is in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee. Its listed address is 5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109. The campus list shows both.
Is Colossus 2 up and running?
Yes. Colossus 2 is operating, with 946 MW for its computers. It should reach 1,531 MW at full size, by Feb 2027.
What is xAI Colossus?
Colossus is the name of 2 AI campuses, in Shelby County, Tennessee. SpaceXAI owns them. Together they have 1,286 MW for their computers.
Does xAI own Colossus?
SpaceXAI owns Colossus 1 and 2. SpaceXAI also owns 1 more AI campus: xAI QTS Atlanta.
How much energy does Colossus use?
No figure for the energy used is published. The estimate is of the power the sites are built for: 1,286 MW for the computers and 1,701 MW for the whole site now. Colossus 2 should reach 2,065 MW for the whole site at full size, by Feb 2027.
Sources and updates
- Epoch AI: "AI data centers", CC BY 4.0, retrieved November 7, 2026; changes noted.
Campus sources (11)Hide campus sources
- Colossus 2, WSJ profile of the Colossus data centers: wsj.com
- Colossus 2, Final GPU count reported by Elon Musk: x.com
- Colossus 2, MLGW update mentioning power requests for Colossus 2: mlgw.com
- Colossus 2, SpaceX-Cursor partnership to use Colossus: x.com
- Colossus 2, Anthropic to use Colossus 2 from June 2026: x.com
- Colossus 2, SpaceX S-1 filing, mentioning exact compute and power for Colossus 2: sec.gov
- Colossus 1, May 2025 Electricity Provider Disclosure: drive.google.com
- Colossus 1, July 2025 Permit for Gas Turbines: scribd.com
- Colossus 1, Southern Environmental Law Center Gas Permit Appeal, with additional satellite images: cdn.arstechnica.net
- Colossus 1, Disclosure on X (formerly Twitter) by Elon Musk of the breakdown of GPUs: archive.is
- Colossus 1, Anthropic announcement: anthropic.com
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